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The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)

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The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is a 7,200 kilometer long multimodal transportation network connecting India, Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia, and Europe. It encompasses a diverse range of transportation modes, including sea, rail, and road, aiming to enhance trade connectivity between major cities such as Mumbai, Moscow, Tehran, Baku, Bandar Abbas, Astrakhan, Bandar Anzali, and others. The INSTC was conceived in 2000 as a collaborative effort between India, Russia, and Iran. The Agreement on the Development of International Transport and Transit Corridor was signed in 2002, laying the foundation for this ambitious project, aims to provide a efficient alternative to traditional sea routes, offering a shorter and more cost-effective passage for goods movement between Asia and Europe. The maritime leg of the INSTC primarily involves shipping goods from India's western coast to Iranian ports in the Persian Gulf, such as Bandar Abbas and Bandar Anzali. F...
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The "America First" Policy: Positives and Negatives

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The "America First" policy, a cornerstone of the Trump administration's foreign policy, has had a profound impact on world geopolitics. It represents a significant shift in traditional American foreign policy, prioritizing national interests above international cooperation and emphasizing more on economic protectionism, reduction in foreign intervention, and a renegotiation of existing international agreements.  The phrase "America First" is not a new, it was originally the slogan of an isolationist movement in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s, advocating for American neutrality in World War II. During the last term of Trump's administration, he again drawn the "America First” policy from the historical precedent, reflecting the USA's contemporary anxieties about globalization, economic decline, and the perceived erosion of American sovereignty. The rise of China as a global economic power, the influx of immigrants, both legal and illeg...
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India's Counter to China's BRI

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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the associated "String of Pearls" theory have significant geopolitical implications for India. The BRI is an ambitious infrastructure development project aimed at connecting China with Europe and Africa via land and sea routes. The "String of Pearls" refers to a perceived strategy by China to establish a network of military and commercial bases along the Indian Ocean, potentially encircling India. China's ambition of dominating the strategically crucial ports across the Indian Ocean like Gwadar Port in Pakistan, Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Both these projects have ignited concerns regarding China's potential military access and its capacity to project power into the region and this has been becoming a concern for India. India's apprehensions concerning the BRI also related with the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which is a part of BRI, traverses through Pakistan-occupied Kashmi...
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The New Great Game in Central Asia

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Central Asia, a region historically traversed by ancient trade routes and empires, finds itself once again at the center of a new power struggle known as “New Great Game” which involves a constellation of powerful geopolitical actors competing for influence, resources, and strategic advantage in this resource-rich and strategically vital region.  In the 19th century the world witnessed fierce rivalry between the British and Russian empires, driven by imperial ambitions, strategic competition, and the pursuit of resources and markets. The control over Central Asia would not only determine the fate of regional powers but also the balance of power in Eurasia. The British, concerned about Russian expansionism threatening their Indian possessions and on the other hand Russia aimed to expand its territorial reach southwards, seeking warm-water ports and access to new markets. This competition played out in a series of diplomatic maneuvers, border skirmishes, and proxy wars. After the c...
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The Future Consequences of recent American Wildfires

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The United States, particularly the western regions, has been grappling with increasingly severe and frequent wildfires in recent years. But The recent wildfires in Los Angeles have been devastating. It started on January 8, 2025 and has still been going on till this day. The Los Angeles wildfire started with the Sunset Fire in the Hollywood Hills and has been rapidly intensified by the wildfires of Sunswept, Creek, Archer and Auto. These American wildfires can have a great  impact on the global economy and geopolitics, exploring their far-reaching consequences across various sectors and international relations. The devastating economic impacts of these wildfires is unimaginable exceeding more than 50 billion US dollars. The wildfires have been causing immense damage to properties, including homes, businesses, and critical infrastructure such as power grids, transportation networks, and communication systems. The economic costs of rebuilding and repairing these infrastructures will...
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The European Union in Decline

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The European Union, in short EU, is an international organisation consisting of European Countries, which was formed in 1993 by the signing of the Maastricht Treaty by 28 countries. From the day of establishment the European Union has been trying to promote democratic values, freedom, equality, and the rule of law by providing peace, stability, freedom, and security in the continent. The EU is one of the world's most powerful trade blocs. 19 EU members share the euro as their official currency. The EU is home to around 447 million people, which is about 6% of the world's population. But this great organization witnessed its major turmoil as the Brexit movement in The U.K. had shaken its unity and under the 2016 referendum officially left the EU in 2020.  The economic bubble burst of 2008 severely impacted the EU, causing the shrank in the GDP resulting in unemployment , high government debt, political instability, rise of populism resulting in political uncertainty. The immigra...
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The Roots Of Iran Israel Conflict

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The Roots of Iran-Israel Conflict: The Iran-Israel conflict is an issue that deeply  rooted in the historical, geopolitical, ideological, and in contemporary dimensions just the after formation of the Jewish State of Israel in the aftermath of World War II in 1948. The Islamic Revolution and the rise of an anti-Western and anti-Israeli regime under Ayatollah Khomeini that took place in Iran 1979, has fueled up the tensions between these states more intensively and now it's become hot zone. Geopolitically, Iran and Israel represent competing spheres of influence in the Middle East without sharing any land or sea border with each other. Iran aspiring to regional dominance and Israel prioritizing its security in a predominantly in the Arab and Muslim neighborhood has always been a problem for this region. Israel’s hostiled approach to the Palestinians and the the expansionism has always been a concern for the Arab nations. The Iran's Islamic Republic calls Israel as a symbol of ev...
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The Rise Of Extreme Nationalism In The 21st century

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Nationalism is a political, social, and cultural ideology that emphasizes the loyalty, devotion, and pride of individuals towards their nation. In simple words it reflects oneness and often involves a strong sense of national identity, unity, and solidarity among the people who share common historical, cultural, linguistic, or ethnic ties. Nationalism has various forms, ranging from civic nationalism, which emphasizes shared values and principles, to ethnic nationalism, which emphasizes shared ancestry and ethnicity. History of Extreme Nationalism: Extreme nationalism, also known as ultranationalism refers to an exaggerated, radical, or extreme form of nationalism characterized by aggressive and exclusionary attitudes towards outsiders, intolerance of diversity, and a belief in the superiority of one's own nation over others. The Extreme nationalism reflects the xenophobia, racism, and authoritarianism, and can lead to conflict, oppression, and violence. The history of extreme nati...
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The West's Strategic Weaponized Globalization and Supplying of Weaponry to Global Conflicts

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Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies among the states of the world. It's a concept where all the states of the world live in a connected web of various entities from economies to cultural dimensions. But  the West, comprising major powers such as the United States and various European nations, has played a pivotal role in the web of global conflicts since the collapse of USSR in 1991 by making globalization as a toll for global strategic weaponization. The  significant dimensions of this involvement is the deliberate and strategic supply of weaponry to various regions and conflicts, influencing the dynamics of conflicts and shaping geopolitical landscapes. The Strategic Weaponization of the West in the shades of globalization is now becoming a concern for the world peace. The West's Strategic Weaponization and Supplying of Weaponry to Global Conflicts Arms Sales and Military Aid: Arms sales an...
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Religion and Geopolitics

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Religion has historically played a significant role in shaping geopolitics by influencing international relations, conflicts, and alliances, providing a foundation for cultural identity, which in turn can foster cooperation or tensions between nations. Religious differences have been at the root of conflicts, such as the Crusades and religious wars in Europe. Additionally, some states use religion to legitimize their authority and policies. Overall, religion's impact on geopolitics is complex and can vary based on cultural contexts and historical events. Here we will try to dive into the role of religion in the geopolitical scenarios of the world from the beginning. Ancient Civilizations and the Sacred Realm (3000 BCE - 500 CE): In the ancient world, religion was integral to the fabric of society, providing a shared belief system that fostered unity and stability. In civilizations like Mesopotamia and the Indus valley, the gods were seen as arbiters of justice, influencing diplomat...
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